Carbonizing apparatus.



No. 744,666. PATENTED NOV. 17, 1903.

B.'ZWILLING'BR-.

GARBONIZING APPARATUS;

ufmculon FILED NOV. 23. 1899. RENEWED 0012 22. 1903.

N0 MODEL.

I Wdborngy.

No. 744,666. PATENTEDNOV.17,1903

B. ZWILLINGER.

CARBONIZING APPARATUS. PPPP GATION FILED NOV. 23, 1899. RENEWED 001 221903.

1 M; a S

vide devices arranged to receive the gases UNITED STATES PatentedNovember 1' 7, 1903.

, PATENT, 7' OFFICE.

BERNHARD ZWILLINGER, OF NEW YORK, N. .Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNEASSIGNMENTS, TO AMERICAN FUEL AND DISTILLATION COMPANY, A CORPORATION OFNEW JERSEY.

CARBONIZING APPARATUSJ SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No.744,666, dated November 17, 1903.

Application filed November 23, 1899. Renewed October 22, 1903. SerialNo. 178,153. (No model.)

To-aZZ whom it may concern:

' Be it known that I, BERNHARD ZWILLINGER,

a citizen of the United States, formerly a resident of Ashland, in thecounty of Ashland --and State of Wisconsin, and now a resident of thecity of New York, borough of Manhattan, in the county and State of NewYork, have invented a new and Improved Carbonizing Apparatus, of whichthe following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to apparatus for carbonizing material, such aswood, in a com-- paratively short time and for saving the valuable gaseswhich are drawn off during the carbonization process, and has for afurther.

object to very quickly cool the carbonized material, whereby thecapacity of the plant is materially increased, since it may be re'- ousvapor is such a gas, as is also ordinary air mingled with a properproportion of such fixed gases as are set free during and as a result ofthe carbonizing operation.

In the accompanying drawings I have shown an example of an apparatusembodying my invention, in which Figure l is a sideelevation of such anap-' 'paratus, and Fig. 2 is a plan View thereof.

The apparatus comprises as its chief parts a kiln and means for forcinggas therethrough. I also provide means for heating said gas, so as toefiect carbonization in the kiln, and, further, I provide a receptaclefor the byproducts of carbonization. For use in cases where theparticular gas employed makes such provision desirable I add devices fordepriving the gas used of part of its oxygen and for loading it withaqueous vapor. These latter devices and also the heating devices arearranged to be cut out when not needed. For cooling the carbonizedmaterial I pro- 1 hereinafter set forth my invenpassing out of the kiln,and the same devices may serve to condense after carbonization the gasthrough the kiln. The gas delivered by the pump may pass through a pipeC into the lower part of the vessel W, partly filled with waterW,supplied continuously through a spraying device W and kept at a constantlevel by a siphon W The object of this portion of the apparatus is topartly deprive the air of oxygen at the beginning of the op erationandto load it with aqueous vapor in cases where air is the gas to be forcedinitially into the kiln. The gas delivered by the pipe passes through apipe W provided with a cut-off valve W5, into a coil F in aheatingch-amber F and thence through a pipe F into a vertical drum F.From this drum the gas passes through a pipe K to the perforated pipes Kwhich discharge it through their apertures into all parts of the lowerportion of the carbonizing chamber or kiln. From this chamber the gasand the volatile prodnets of the carbonizing process escape through apipe K pass a water seal in a vessel D, and are conveyed to coils R R ina circulating ,bath of cold water, whence they pass into a closedreceptacle B. This vessel and siphon carries such material as has beencondensed in liquid form to another vessel B to be disposed of as maybedesired, while the more permanently gaseous products pass through a pipeB to a suitable reservoir G. By closing a valve near the lower end ofthe pipe B (see Fig. 1) and opening a bypass at B the fixed gases aremade to pass directly to the reservoir without entering the receptacleB. If the gas supplied to the compressor does not consist exclusively orlargely of atmospheric air, it need not of course be sent through thewater and spray, although I consider it preferable to do so in anyevent, for the reason that even if the gas has the proper C after risingthrough the water and spray I low percentage of oxygen the charging ofthis gas with aqueous vapor will be of advantage in that it will act asa protection against overheating of the coil F.

Practically it is convenient to supply the pump with the gases collectedin the reservoir G, and for this purpose a pipe G is shown as leadingfrom the reservoir to the pump. 'Where the pump thus draws its supplyfrom the reservoir, the apparatus need not be first filled with gas nota supporter of combustion, for if the pump first delivers ordinary airmuch volatile matter will be given off by the material in the kilnbefore combustion can begin, and hence the mixture of gas and vaporwhich the pump circulates through the apparatus becomes incapable ofsupporting combustion before the matter in the kiln reaches the point ofignition. The temperature in the kiln is indicated by a pyrometer T,extending into the drum F. In addition to the devices already describeda valved by-pass pipe W leads from the vessel W around the heatingdevices at F to the drum F and a second valved by-pass pipe 0 leads fromthe pipe 0 around the vessel W to the pipe W at a point between itsvalve and the drum. By this arrangement it is possible to cut off theheating device alone or both that device and the devices for reducingthe gas and charging it with vapor.

The drum F is provided with a valve F on the top of the kiln capable ofbeing operated from without the kiln, and if this valve be opened gas isdischarged into the top of the kiln as well as through the perforatedpipes J on its door. If it should be desired to allow the gas to escapefrom the kiln without passing through the cooler, the pipe Y may beopened at Z. It is obvious that the gas pumped through the kiln forcooling it need not be the gas stored in the reservoir, but may be anysuitable gas, ordinary atmospheric air being appropriate if it be sentthrough the device at V. It is equally clear that it the cooler beadequate a small quantity ofv gas stored in the reservoir will be quitesufficient, since the same gas makes repeated circuits, each time givingup in the cooler the heat which it has just taken from the kiln.

I eifect a considerable saving of time in my invention by pumpingthrough the kiln cooling-gases which are not supporters of combustion,and I find that the timerequired for cooling may by this procedure beshortened practically to the same extent as the time needed forcarbonizing.

I desire it to be understood that various modifications may be madewithout departing from the nature of my invention.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. In acarbonizing apparatus, the combination with a closed kiln, of a. conduitleading from the kiln, a compressor, the inlet of which is connectedwith said conduit, a cooler located in the path of the gas between thekiln and the compressor, a vessel connected with the outlet of thecompressor and adapted to hold water to partially deoxygenize any airthat may be fed by the compressor, and to charge it with aqueous vapor,a heater connected with the outlet of said vessel, and a connection fromthe outlet of said heater to the inlet of the kiln so that a mixture ofgases and .air partially deoxygenized and charged with aqueous vaporwill be forced into the kiln at the beginning of the operation.

2. In a carbonizing apparatus, the combi-,,

nation with a closed kiln, of a conduit leading from the kiln, acompressor, the inlet of which is connected with said conduit, acoolerlocated in the path of the gas between the kiln and the compressor, avessel connected with the outlet of the compressor and adapted to holdwater to partially de'oxygenize any air that may be fed by thecompressor and to charge it with aqueous vapor, a heater connected withthe outlet of said vessel, and a connection from the outlet of theheater to the inlet of the kiln, so that a heated fluid partiallydeoxygenized and charged with aqueous vapor will be forced into the kilnat the beginning of the operation.

3. In a carbonizing apparatus, the combination with a closed kiln, of aconduit leading from the kiln, a compressor, the inlet of which isconnected with said conduit, a cooler located in the path of the gasbetween the kiln and the compressor, a deoxygenizing apparatus locatedbetween the compressor and the kiln, and adapted to deoxygenize any airthat may be fed by 'the compressor so that the gaseous fluid may passthrough the said apparatus on its way from the compressor to the kiln, aheater between the deoxygenizing apparatus and the kiln and a directconnection from the compressor to the kiln and means for leading thegaseous fluid derived by the carbonization of the wood through saiddirect connection or through the deoxygenizing apparatus and the heater.

BERNHARD ZVVILLINGER.

Witnesses:

M. E. DILLON, LoUIsE MCCARTHY.

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